Plankton dataset of Nuevo Gulf, northern Patagonia, Argentina

Here, we present a plankton dataset from northern Patagonia, Argentina, aimed at studying the ecological aspects of plankton and its relationships with environmental variables. Sampling was conducted between 2019 and 2021 during the spring and summer months at various locations in the Nuevo Gulf (42°42′S; 64°30′W), covering the heterogeneity of environmental and physical variables such as temperature, depth, chlorophyll a, and nutrients. The provided file includes three sheets: the first contains metadata for the sampling dates and station locations; the second presents the zooplankton dataset (>300 µm), with abundance data (ind/m³) at the lowest possible taxonomic level; and the third details phytoplankton concentration (cells/L) for the same sampling period. This dataset represents the most recent data available for the region, including the first recorded observation of a copepod species, *Drepanopus forcipatus*, and a detailed taxonomy of the jellyfish group within the Gulf. Additionally, this dataset expands the spatial coverage compared to previous studies.