汽液两相流机械密封的研究进展

液体润滑端面机械密封是流程工业用机泵轴端密封的主要形式，且大量应用于航空航天、海洋工程装备和高端制造装备中，实际运行过程中其端面间液体膜常常发生相变，由此产生端面变形、干磨和密封失稳等现象，甚至完全失效，严重影响了有关设备或整个装置的安全可靠与稳定运行，因此开展汽液两相流端面机械密封研究具有重要意义. 本文中综述了近50年来汽液两相端面机械密封的研究现状，归纳出了机械密封的典型热源及其热传播途径，阐述了机械密封的相变原理，总结了端面流体膜参数的测量技术与方法；在试验研究方面，提出机械密封的端面液膜汽化主要与操作工况、几何尺寸和表面形貌或表面织构有关，其中端面液体入口和出口工况、平衡比和端面变形程度等受到关注，但缺少关于端面形貌或织构的深度研究，也缺少端面摩擦副合理配对的系统研究；在理论研究方面，提出了机械密封相变稳定性判据，以及间断沸腾模型、连续沸腾模型和薄膜均相沸腾模型等3种理论模型，比较了3种模型的优缺点并指出其适用范围. 指出建立合理的相变理论模型，实现相变密封的稳定运行，突破相变密封监控关键技术，构建智能型液体润滑机械密封是未来两相流机械密封的研究重点.

Liquid-lubricated face mechanical seals are the primary shaft-end sealing solution for pumps and machinery in process industries, and are widely applied in aerospace, offshore engineering equipment and high-end manufacturing equipment. During actual operation, the liquid film between the sealing faces often undergoes phase transitions, leading to phenomena such as face deformation, dry grinding, sealing instability and even complete failure, which seriously jeopardizes the safe, reliable and stable operation of the relevant equipment or the entire plant. Therefore, research on vapor-liquid two-phase flow face mechanical seals is of great significance.

This paper reviews the research status of vapor-liquid two-phase face mechanical seals over the past 50 years, summarizes the typical heat sources and their heat transfer paths of mechanical seals, and expounds the phase transition principle of mechanical seals. It also summarizes the measurement technologies and methods for the parameters of the face fluid film.

In terms of experimental research, it is proposed that the vaporization of the face liquid film of mechanical seals is mainly related to operating conditions, geometric dimensions, surface morphology or surface texture. Among them, the inlet and outlet conditions of the face liquid, balance ratio and degree of face deformation have attracted widespread attention, but there is a lack of in-depth research on face morphology or texture, as well as systematic research on the reasonable pairing of face friction pairs.

In terms of theoretical research, the phase transition stability criterion for mechanical seals is proposed, along with three theoretical models: the intermittent boiling model, continuous boiling model and thin-film homogeneous boiling model. The advantages and disadvantages of the three models are compared, and their applicable ranges are pointed out.

It is concluded that establishing a reasonable phase transition theoretical model, achieving stable operation of phase transition seals, breaking through the key technologies for phase transition seal monitoring, and constructing intelligent liquid-lubricated mechanical seals are the future research priorities of two-phase flow mechanical seals.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了汽液两相流机械密封的研究进展，重点探讨了液体润滑端面机械密封在工业应用中的重要性，以及因端面间液体膜相变引发的密封失效问题。综述了近50年的研究现状，包括热源分析、相变原理、测量技术，并指出试验和理论方面的成果与不足，例如试验研究关注工况和几何因素但缺乏端面形貌深度探索，理论研究提出了三种相变模型。未来研究方向聚焦于建立稳定相变模型和开发智能型密封技术。