Geochemical and mineralogical data of the Þórisjökull field site, Iceland.

<p>The Martian ancient climate has been long-debated with scientists hypothesizing that the river channels and lake beds preserved on the surface today formed in either a warm and wet environment, or a cold and icy environment, with heating events driving large-scale melting. One such heating event includes volcanism. This study investigated the chemical and mineralogical impact of volcano-ice interactions in Iceland using techniques available to Mars rovers and landers to improve the detection of these deposits on Mars. These data and their implications for Icelandic and Mars glaciovolcanic processes are presented in Bedford et al. (in rev) &quot;The Geochemical and Mineralogical Signature of Glaciovolcanism Near &THORN;&oacute;risj&ouml;kull, Iceland, and its Implications for Glaciovolcanism on Mars.&quot;, JGR: Planets.</p> <p>These data were collected as part of the SAND-E: Semi-Autonomous Navigation in Detrital Environments Mars-analog project (NASA grant #80NSSC18K1519) in 2019. The science aim of the SAND-E project was to investigate the physical and chemical weathering of volcaniclastic material in Mars relevant sedimentary systems. These data detail the composition and mineralogy of the volcanic sources of the glacio-fluvio-aeolian sedimentary system;&nbsp;&THORN;&oacute;risj&ouml;kull,&nbsp;Litla Bj&ouml;rnsfell, St&oacute;ra Bj&ouml;rnsfell, and Skjaldbrei&eth;ur.</p> <p>Samples from each glaciovolcanic edifice were taken up section to document the changes in morphology with height. A study of the chemical and mineralogical data from these volcanoes showed that there were five main compositional/mineralogical groups that corresponded with the known trends relating to volcanism during glaciation and during deglaciation in Iceland.&nbsp;</p>