Soil Moisture Profile Dataset of Corn-Millet-Wheat Rotation (2023-2024) in Loess Plateau

This data set is derived from the long-term rotation fertilization experiment of Changwu Loess Plateau Agricultural Ecological Experiment Station (107°40′30″E,35°12′30″N) of the Institute of Water and Soil Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experiment began in 1984, located in a typical dryland agricultural area on the Loess Plateau, with a semi-arid continental monsoon climate. The dataset is based on the corn-millet-wheat rotation system and records the dynamics of soil moisture content, temperature and electrical conductivity at the rootzone profile (20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 100 cm) from 2023 to 2024, with a total of 503 data points. Using CR800 data collector combined with RS-WS790 three parameter sensor for continuous automatic monitoring, and calculating and generating daily average. For data quality verification, the drying method was used to measure the soil moisture content and the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the plow layer. The dataset fully presents the temporal variation patterns of soil water, heat and salt parameters at different soil depths. This dataset provides direct observational evidence for studying the changes in the microenvironment of farmland soil profiles in the Loess Plateau region and evaluating the coupled transport mechanism of water, heat and salt at different soil depths. It is of great significance for deepening the research on water efficient utilization and soil health management in dryland agricultural ecosystems.