Unravelling the nature of Ru sites and the role of CeO2 support in inhibiting H2 poisoning during ammonia synthesis

Ammonia (NH₃) is widely used for fertiliser production and is increasingly seen as a promising energy vector toward a carbon-free economy. The Haber-Bosch process, which traditionally relies on Fe-based catalysts, faces challenges with low reaction rates and yields, even under harsh conditions. Ru-based catalysts have emerged as effective second-generation alternatives, offering higher reaction rates. However, their application is limited by H2 poisoning, while incorporating a CeO₂ support has proven effective in eliminating this challenge. This proposal aims to further investigate the structure and local environment of active Ru using in situ techniques, providing critical insights into the reaction mechanism and the role of CeO₂ in reducing H2 inhibition.