Data underlying publication: Temperature sensitivity of organic carbon decomposition in lake sediments is mediated by chemodiversity

The dataset contains geographic data, ambient climate data, watershed characteristics data, physicochemical data, microbial data and molecular data of surface water or sediment samples. The samples were collected from 50 freshwater ecosystems along a 3,500 km north-south transect in China. These ecosystems spanned a latitude of 18°48′ to 49°34′N and a longitude of 102°51′ to 129°36′E, and a wide range of mean annual temperature (2.85 to 25.65°C) and mean annual precipitation (175 to 2362 mm). The study area contains five climate zones: the mid-temperate semi-humid zone, the mid-temperate semi-arid zone, the warm-temperate semi-humid zone, the subtropical humid zone, and the tropical humid zone.