Engineering correlated insulators in bilayer graphene with a remote Coulomb superlattice

Electron superlattices allow the engineer of correlated and topological quantum phenomena. The recent emergence of moiré superlattices in two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures has led to exciting quantum phenomena discoveries. However, the requirement of the moiré pattern poses stringent limitations, and its potential cannot be switched on and off. Here, we demonstrate remote engineering and on/off switching of correlated states in bilayer graphene. Employing a remote Coulomb superlattice realized by localized electrons in a twisted bilayer WS2, we impose a Coulomb superlattice in the bilayer graphene with period and strength determined by the twisted bilayer WS2. When the remote superlattice is turned off, the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the bilayer graphene is described by a Fermi liquid, when it is turned on, correlated insulating states at both integer and fractional filling factors emerge. This approach enables in-situ control of correlated quantum phenomena in 2D materials hosting a 2DEG.