Regulation of K(+) Channels in Maize Roots by Water Stress and Abscisic Acid

Root cortical and stelar protoplasts were isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) plants that were either well watered or water stressed, and the patch-clamp technique was used to investigate their plasma membrane K(+) channel activity. In the root cortex water stress did not significantly affect inward- or outward-rectifying K(+) conductances relative to those observed in well-watered plants. In contrast, water stress significantly reduced the magnitude of the outward-rectifying K(+) current in the root stele but had little effect on the inward-rectifying K(+) current. Pretreating well-watered plants with abscisic acid also significantly affected K(+) currents in a way that was consistent with abscisic acid mediating, at least in part, the response of roots to water stress. It is proposed that the K(+) channels underlying the K(+) currents in the root stelar cells represent pathways that allow K(+) exchange between the root symplasm and xylem apoplast. It is suggested that the regulation of K(+) channel activity in the root in response to water stress could be part of an important adaptation of the plant to survive drying soils.