YHRD

The Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) is an open access, annotated collection of population samples typed for Y chromosomal sequence variants. Two important objectives are pursued: (1) the generation of reliable frequency estimates for Y-STR Haplotypes and Y-SNP Haplotypes to be used in the quantitative assessment of matches in forensic and kinship cases and (2) the characterization of male lineages to draw conclusions about the origins and history of human populations. Since its creation in 1999 it has been curated by Lutz Roewer and Sascha Willuweit at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The database is endorsed by the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) and partially funded by Life Technologies and Promega Corporation. By October 2017 more than 197,000 9-locus haplotypes, among them 145,816 17-locus haplotypes, 39,414 23-locus haplotypes, 22,832 27-locus haplotypes and 20,495 Y SNP profiles sampled in 133 countries have been directly submitted by 293 institutes and laboratories from 71 countries. In geographic terms, about 41% of the YHRD samples stem from Asia, 34% from Europe, 14% from Latin America, 5% from North America, 4% from Africa and 1% from Oceania/Australia. The 1128 individual sampling projects are described in 479 peer-reviewed publications