Diethylene Glycol Oligomer Squalene Derivative Improves Hepatic Metabolism and Attenuates Obesity-Related Dysmetabolism via Sirt-AMPK axis Activation

Transcriptomic analysis comprehensively revealed the metabolic improvement effects of di-SQ on the liver and white adipose tissue in ob/ob mice. Di-SQ demonstrated effects in improving inflammation and lipid metabolism in both the liver and white adipose tissue of ob/ob mice and restored the expression of genes and GO terms associated with mitochondrial respiration and glucose metabolism. The metabolic disorder observed in untreated ob/ob mice was reversed by a 42-day-di-SQ treatment, the di-SQ treated ob/ob mice showed a gene expression pattern in key metabolic pathways and processes that more closely resembles that of wild-type mice. RNA was extracted using Isogen (Nippon Gene Co. Ltd., Toyama, Japan). The integrity of RNA was quantified using NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA). Clariom S assay system (Thermo Fisher, Japan) was used on duplicate RNA samples of each group. In accordance with the user manual, complementary DNA (cDNA) for microarray was generated using the GeneChip WT Plus Reagent kit (Thermo Fisher Science, Japan). Samples were hybridized using Clariom S GeneChip microarray kit (Thermo Fisher Science, Japan). After washing and staining, images were captured, and then CEL data were generated using the GeneChip Scanner 3000 (Thermo Fisher Science, Japan). The raw CEL data were normalized using the transcriptome analysis console (TAC) software ver.4.0.1 following the SST-robust multichip average (SST-RMA) algorithm (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Japan).