Detection of pathogen-specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and specific RNA/DNA by RT-PCR in serum samples.

Abbreviations: HTNV, Hantaan virus; SEOV, Seoul virus; CCHFV, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.-: Not available.*: As the patient (without receiving HV vaccination) had a high level of IgG antibodies (1∶320) against SEOV it was diagnosed as SEOV infection even though it does not meet our defined case criteria (i.e. four-fold rise of IgG not demonstrated, IgM negative, PCR negative).