Characteristics of the subjects.

ObjectiveWhen referred to the WHO Growth Standards 2006, children in many developing countries showed growth faltering in childhood. A previous study showed that the faltering affected the whole population, not only the disadvantaged ones. We aimed to look for an alternative explanation for this universal decline in length or height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), as lengths/ heights of Indonesian children were compared to the WHO growth standard 2006: Is it a faltering of growth or is it a deceleration toward target height.MethodsWe used data on age, gender, height, BMI, parental height and education, household socioeconomic status, and place of residence of children ResultsThe study included 11,241 parent-child pairs from four surveys. At birth, infants were around 1.50 z-scores longer than their THz. However, at two years of age, the discrepancies were almost zero. At 2–5 years old, the discrepancies stayed at the same level. The patterns were similar regardless of the position of the target heights among the height distribution, at the upper or the lower part.ConclusionWe observed a deceleration toward target height, not growth faltering, in the first two years of life of Indonesian children when the WHO Growth Standard 2006 was used as the reference.