Clinical and functional characteristics of the COPD patients by metabolic syndrome.

Data are mean ± SD or percentages or #median (interquartile range) if data were not normal distributed.
FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; BMI, body mass index; FFMI, fat free mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; 6MWD, six minute walking distance; LTOT, long term oxygen therapy; PaCO2, arterial carbon dioxide tension; PaO2, arterial oxygen tension; CVD, cardiovascular disease; inhaled and oral CS, inhaled and oral corticosteroids; MRC, modified Medical Research Council; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SGRQ, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire.
*p<0.01,
†p<0.05 compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome.