Geology and evolution of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene La Primavera caldera complex, western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

La Primavera caldera is located in the western part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The landscape is represented by caldera-rim, intra-caldera, and extra-caldera domes and volcanoes associated with pyroclastic, lacustrine, and volcaniclastic deposits, all of which reflect a complex caldera evolution. La Primavera erupted ∼95 ky ago through the emission of the Tala ignimbrite, resulting in an 11-km wide caldera. Post-caldera activity occurred along the caldera ring-fault and within the depression, interacting with lacustrine sedimentation (93.8-71 ky) and outside the caldera rim with the development of the San Miguel, Planillas, Tajo, and Colli volcanoes (92-6.4 ky). The map (scale 1:30,000) comprises an area of 856 km² based on an ArcMap dataset. It incorporates previous studies and new field data, offering new insights to decision-making authorities for the careful planning of urban and park developments.