ISSP2005: Work Orientations III

The fifteenth of 20 years of International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) surveys in New Zealand by Professor Philip Gendall, Department of Marketing, Massey University.The ISSP is a continuing annual programme of cross-national collaboration on surveys covering topics important for social science research. It brings together pre-existing social science projects and coordinates research goals, thereby adding a cross-national, cross-cultural perspective to the individual national studies. ISSP researchers especially concentrate on developing questions that are meaningful and relevant to all countries, and can be expressed in an equivalent manner in all relevant languages.A verbose rundown on topics covered follows.Attitudes towards work. Work orientation and description of work contents. Preferred time budget for selected activities such as work, leisure time etc.; work orientation; importance of selected demands of a job (scale); preference for being self-employed or being an employee and working in a small or in a large firm and working in private business or civil service; advantages of the employee status (greater job security and lower impairment of the family life); importance of unions for job security and working conditions of employee; preference for full-time employment or part-time employment; preference for more work (and money) or for reduction in working hours.Characterisation of respondent’s work and work satisfaction (scale); physical exhaustion after work; frequency of dangerous and unhealthy job situations; possibility of flexible organisation of respondent’s working time; personal opportunity to influence the organization of the workday or work process; difficulties in handling personal matters during working hours; frequency of the impairment of the family life by the work requirements and vice versa; usefulness of the abilities learned from past work experience for the present job; helpfulness of the present work experiences for looking for a new job; job training in past year to improve job skills; judgement on the relationship between management and employees (working atmosphere).Description of personal commitment to work; identification with firm or organisation (scale); expected difficulties in finding a job as good as the current one; self-assessment of one’s own substitutability; likeliness of job search in the coming 12 months; worrying about one’s own job security; accepted concessions to avoid own unemployment (accepting a job with new demands, accepting of a lower paid position, temporary employment and longer travel to get to work); existence of a side job; self-assessment of psychological characteristics of personality.Those who are not currently employed were asked: work for more than one year and time last paid job ended; main reason for the end of employment; interest in finding a paid job; expected difficulties in finding a new job; currently looking for a job; activities in the search for work; training activities to improve job skills in past year; main income source.Demography: sex; age; marital status; living together with a partner; education and duration of education; current employment status; occupation (ISCO88); employment in private or public sector; self-employment or employee; personal employees; time worked each week; superior function and span of control; company size; income; religious denomination; religiousness; union member; self-assessment of social class; self-assessment on a left-right continuum; party preference; size of household and composition; city size; region; original country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.

由菲利普·根达尔教授主持，新西兰梅西大学市场营销系进行的第20年国际社会调查项目（ISSP）的前15次调查。ISSP是一项持续的年度跨国合作调查项目，旨在涵盖对社会科学研究具有重要意义的主题。该项目汇集了现有的社会科学项目，协调研究目标，从而为各国的独立研究增添跨国家和跨文化的视角。ISSP研究人员特别专注于开发对各国均具有意义和相关的问卷，且能在所有相关语言中以等效方式表达。以下是对涵盖主题的详细概述。

工作态度。工作取向及工作内容描述。对选定活动（如工作、休闲时间等）的理想时间预算；工作取向；对工作选定要求的重要性（量表）；对自主创业或成为雇员以及在小型或大型公司工作，以及在私营企业或公共服务部门工作的偏好；雇员身份的优势（更高的职业保障和降低的家庭生活影响）；对工会的职业保障和雇员工作条件的重要性；对全职就业或兼职就业的偏好；对更多工作（和金钱）或减少工作时间的偏好。

对受访者工作及工作满意度的描述（量表）；工作后的身体疲惫；危险和不健康工作情况的频率；受访者工作时间的灵活性组织可能性；影响工作日或工作流程的个人机会；处理工作时间个人事务的困难；工作要求对家庭生活影响的频率及其相反情况；从过去工作经历中获得的能力对当前工作的有用性；当前工作经历在寻找新工作时的帮助；过去一年中为提高工作技能而进行的职业培训；对管理层与雇员之间关系的判断（工作氛围）。

对个人工作承诺的描述；与公司或组织的认同（量表）；寻找与当前工作相当工作的预期困难；对自己可替代性的自我评估；未来12个月内寻找工作的可能性；对自己的职业保障感到担忧；为避免失业而接受的妥协（接受有新要求的工作，接受较低薪酬的位置，临时就业和更长的工作通勤时间）；是否存在兼职工作；对个人性格心理特征的自我评估。

目前未就业者被询问：超过一年的工作时间及上次支付工资的工作结束时间；就业结束的主要原因；寻找有偿工作的兴趣；寻找新工作的预期困难；目前正在寻找工作；寻找工作的活动；过去一年中为提高工作技能而进行的培训活动；主要收入来源。

人口统计：性别；年龄；婚姻状况；与伴侣共同生活；教育及教育持续时间；当前就业状况；职业（ISCO88）；在私营或公共部门就业；自主创业或雇员；私人雇员；每周工作时间；上级职能和控制范围；公司规模；收入；宗教派别；宗教信仰；工会会员；对自己社会阶级的自我评估；对左右政治光谱的自我评估；政党偏好；家庭规模和构成；城市规模；地区；原籍国或族群归属。