Patient characteristics by gender.

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate; eGFR CKDEPI, estimated glomerular filtration rate using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation; UPCR, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio; Hb, haemoglobin; WHO-anaemia, defined according to World Health Organization as Hb level <13 g/dL for men (<12 g/dL for women); TSAT, transferrin saturation; TIBC, transferrin iron-binding capacity; RASi, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. TIBC (µmol/L) was calculated as 25×transferrin (g/L). TSAT was calculated as serum iron/TIBC×100%.