Exploring the Impact of Autonomy and Technology on Digital Workforce Performance

The global shift toward flexible, technology-driven employment has reshaped how professionals engage with work. In Indonesia, where the digital economy is rapidly expanding, freelance and self-employed workers now represent a significant portion of the labor force. However, limited research has examined the determinants of professional success among digital freelancers within this unique socio-economic landscape. This study investigates how key factors—cloud computing, digital skills, employee engagement, job autonomy, job satisfaction, and perceived usefulness—affect employee performance. Using a quantitative survey approach with 485 respondents across Indonesia, data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to validate relationships among these variables. Results revealed that cloud computing, job autonomy, and job satisfaction significantly enhance employee performance, while digital skills and employee engagement showed no direct effect. Perceived usefulness also demonstrated a marginal influence. The findings highlight that technological empowerment combined with psychological and organizational factors can strengthen productivity and satisfaction among Indonesia’s digital freelancers. This study aims to provide both theoretical insight and practical strategies for fostering sustainable digital labor ecosystems.