Enterprise Survey 2009 - Bulgaria

Abstract
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The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponds to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies with 5 or more employees are targeted for interview. Services firms include construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government/state ownership are not eligible to participate in an Enterprise Survey.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for Bulgaria was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and oblast (region).

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 23 manufacturing industries, 2 services industries -retail and IT-, and one residual sector. Each sector had a target of 90 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in six regions. These regions are Severozapaden, Severen Tsentralen, Severoiztochen, Yugozapaden, Yuzhen Tsentralen and Yugoiztochen.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments for the selected regions were required. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings. However, the quality of the sample frames was not optimal and, therefore, some adjustments were needed to correct for the presence of ineligible units. These adjustments are reflected in the weights computation.

For most countries covered in BEEPS IV, two sample frames were used. The first was supplied by the World Bank and consisted of enterprises interviewed in BEEPS 2005. The World Bank required that attempts should be made to re-interview establishments responding to the BEEPS 2005 survey where they were within the selected geographical regions and met eligibility criteria. That sample is referred to as the Panel. The second sample frame used for the survey in Bulgaria was purchased from the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute [BNSI], which is the governmental statistical institution. The frame contained a full list of establishments with more than five employees in the target sectors of the survey. This was from the latest available version published in 2007, although it related to updates at the end of 2005.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 34% (249 out of 737 establishments).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- Screener Questionnaire
The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments- the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.
The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures.
Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in the document "Description of Bulgaria Implementation 2009.pdf"

摘要
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本调查的目的是收集来自客户国家的企业在私营部门现状的反馈，并协助构建一个企业数据面板，以便能够跟踪随时间推移的商业环境变化，从而实现例如对改革影响的评估。通过访谈制造业和服务业的企业，本调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了具有统计学意义且跨国家可比较的商业环境指标。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资获取、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确认了该国商业环境的特征。剩余的问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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本研究的初级抽样单元是法人实体。法人实体是指进行商业活动和工业运营或提供服务的地方。一个公司可能由一个或多个法人实体组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个用于分销的法人实体。在本调查中，法人实体必须能够独立做出财务决策，并拥有与其公司财务报表分开的独立财务报表。法人实体还必须拥有其自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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制造业和服务业是主要关注的商业部门。这对应于按照国际标准工业分类（ISIC）代码15-37、45、50-52、55、60-64和72（ISIC Rev.3.1）分类的公司。针对拥有5名或更多员工的有形（注册）公司进行访谈。服务公司包括建筑、零售、批发、酒店、餐馆、运输、仓储、通信和IT。100%政府/国有所有权的企业无资格参与企业调查。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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保加利亚的样本是通过分层随机抽样选择的。在这个国家使用了三个分层级别：行业、法人实体规模和地区（州）。
行业分层的设计如下：总体被分层为23个制造业行业、2个服务业行业——零售和IT——以及一个剩余部门。每个部门的目标是90次访谈。
规模分层是根据标准化推广定义定义的：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工数量是根据报告的正式全职工人数量定义的。这似乎是劳动力的一个适当定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业在建筑和农业部门之外并不常见。
地区分层是在六个地区定义的。这些地区是Severozapaden、Severn Tsentralen、Severoiztochen、Yugozapaden、Yuzhen Tsentralen和Yugoiztochen。
鉴于分层设计，需要包含所选地区内所有法人实体完整且更新的清单的样本框架。为此付出了巨大努力以获取这些清单的最佳来源。然而，样本框架的质量并不理想，因此需要进行一些调整以纠正不合格单位的出现。这些调整反映在权重计算中。
对于BEEPS IV中的大多数国家，使用了两个样本框架。第一个是由世界银行提供的，包括在BEEPS 2005中被访谈的企业。世界银行要求尝试重新访谈在选定地理区域内且符合资格标准的BEEPS 2005调查的法人实体。该样本被称为“面板”。用于保加利亚调查的第二个样本框架是从保加利亚国家统计局（BNSI）购买的，该机构是政府统计机构。该框架包含目标调查部门中拥有超过五名员工的全部法人实体清单。这是2007年发布的最新版本，尽管它涉及2005年末的更新。
在项目开始时评估了框架的质量。该框架证明是有用的，尽管它显示了不合格率、重复、不存在单位等问题。这些问题是法人实体调查中典型的，但鉴于这些不准确可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察的适当权重时需要进行调整。确认的不合格单位占完成调查的总联系数量的34%（249个中的737个实体）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具包括以下内容：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- 核心问卷 + 零售模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- 筛选问卷
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含向全球所有企业提出的问题。还有两个其他调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行现场调查，以便不询问与特定类型企业无关的问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应询问零售企业。除了在各国提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含针对特定国家的问卷。定制的示例包括在旅游业是现有或潜在经济增长部门的国家中询问与旅游业相关的问题。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资获取、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。
超过90%的问题客观地确认了该国商业环境的特征。剩余的问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
数据清理操作
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承包商实施数据输入和质量控制，并将数据分批（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付给世界银行。这些数据交付将检查逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重访法人实体进行纠正。
响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、响应率和实施情况的完整信息可在文档“2009年保加利亚实施描述.pdf”中找到。