Characterising the urinary metabolome in HIV/TB coinfection and the impact of antiretroviral treatment

Participants (n=59) were grouped based on serum-confirmed HIV and TB status, as well as ART status, into the following categories: (1) healthy, asymptomatic controls (HIV-/TB-/Tn-, n=32), (2) HIV/TB coinfected treatment-naïve individuals (HIV+/TB+/Tn-, n=9), and (3) HIV/TB coinfected individuals receiving ART (HIV+/TB+/Tn+, n=18). The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed on all three groups (Dataset 1) as this test is well-suited for comparing multiple independent groups with small sample sizes and non-normally distributed data. To further explore group-specific differences, pairwise comparisons were conducted for the following: HIV /TB-/Tn- vs HIV+/TB+/Tn- (Dataset 2), and HIV+/TB+/Tn- vs HIV+/TB+/Tn+ (Dataset 3).