Survey instrument, codebook and analysis code for "Necessary but not sufficient: how green supply chain and circular economy capabilities convert environmental orientation into environmental performance in Vietnamese firms"

Supporting materials for the article "Necessary but not sufficient: how green supply chain and circular economy capabilities convert environmental orientation into environmental performance in Vietnamese firms." The study surveys 208 firms that operate logistics and supply chain functions in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam (February–March 2025), recruited through the member networks of the Vietnam Logistics Business Association (VLA) and the Vietnam Logistics Human Resources Development Association (Valoma), and combines partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). This deposit contains: (1) the full questionnaire, comprising the invitation text, the consent item, the screening question, the respondent and firm characteristics with their Vietnamese response options, and the 23 measurement items across six constructs (environmental orientation, Industry 4.0 technologies, green logistics management, green supply chain management practices, circular economy practices and sustainable environmental performance); (2) a variable-level codebook; and (3) the complete R code reproducing every quantity reported in the article and its supplementary material, with an independent base-R re-implementation for cross-checking. The participant-level dataset is not included, because open archiving of the response data was not within the scope of the consent obtained from participants; the anonymized analysis dataset is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Version 1.1.0: the labels of two respondent characteristics were corrected to reproduce the Vietnamese response options: position in the firm (manager, specialist, operational staff; previously labelled as three managerial tiers) and work experience (previously labelled as experience in a managerial position). The questionnaire file was replaced by the full questionnaire supplied to the journal; the wording of the consent item and screening question is reconstructed because the final online form is no longer retrievable. No item, coding value, analysis setting or reported result has changed.