Factors associated with haemoglobin level and anaemia by gender.

Anaemia, defined according to World Health Organization as hemoglobin level <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women; defined according Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative as hemoglobin level <11 g/dL. Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate; UPCR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio;