2019—2022年新疆围产儿出生缺陷现况分析

Objective To analyze the incidence, regional distribution, disease sequence and disease spectrum of perinatal birth defects in Xinjiang from January 2019 - December 2022.Methods The hospital monitoring data of birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed.Results The average annual incidence of birth defects was 230.103 per 10,000 in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022, and the incidence of birth defects remained basically stable during the four years(χ2=4.757,P=0.190), with significant differences among different regions (χ2=3039.965, P < 0.001). The incidence of birth defects was different in perinatal sex (χ2=37.386, P < 0.001), maternal age χ2=76.313, P < 0.001) and urban and rural areas (χ2=1478.493, P < 0.001). The top five types of birth defects were congenital heart disease, multiple fingers/toes (left and right), clubfoot (left and right), other abnormalities of the outer ear, and total cleft lip.Conclusions The incidence of birth defects in Xinjiang is still at a high level, and it is necessary to take active measures for comprehensive prevention and control before, before and after pregnancy, improve the quality of maternal health care, popularize prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis technology in all regions, and reduce the incidence of birth defects as much as possible.

【研究目的】分析2019年1月至2022年12月新疆地区围产期出生缺陷（perinatal birth defects）的发病率、区域分布、疾病顺位及疾病谱。【研究方法】分析2019至2022年新疆地区出生缺陷的医院监测数据。【研究结果】2019-2022年新疆地区出生缺陷年均发病率为230.103/万，四年间发病率基本保持稳定（χ²=4.757，P=0.190）；不同区域间发病率存在显著差异（χ²=3039.965，P<0.001）。围产期性别（χ²=37.386，P<0.001）、母亲年龄（χ²=76.313，P<0.001）及城乡分布（χ²=1478.493，P<0.001）均与出生缺陷发病率存在显著关联。排名前五的出生缺陷类型依次为先天性心脏病（congenital heart disease）、多指（趾）（multiple fingers/toes，左右侧）、马蹄内翻足（clubfoot，左右侧）、外耳其他畸形以及完全性唇裂（total cleft lip）。【研究结论】新疆地区出生缺陷发病率仍处于较高水平，需积极采取孕前、孕期及产后综合防控措施，提升孕产妇保健服务质量，在全区域推广产前筛查（prenatal screening）与产前诊断（prenatal diagnosis）技术，尽可能降低出生缺陷发生率。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集分析了2019年至2022年新疆地区围产儿出生缺陷的现状，包括发病率、区域分布和疾病谱系。研究发现，平均年发病率为230.103/万例，四年间发病率基本稳定，但存在显著的地区、性别、母亲年龄和城乡差异；前五类出生缺陷为先天性心脏病、多指/趾、足内翻、外耳其他异常和完全性唇裂。结论指出新疆出生缺陷发病率仍较高，需在孕前、孕期和孕后采取综合防控措施，提高妇幼保健质量，普及产前筛查和诊断技术以降低发病率。