HiWATER: Dataset of hydrometeorological observation network (automatic weather station of E’bao station, 2013)

This dataset includes data recorded by the Hydrometeorological observation network obtained from the automatic weather station (AWS) at the observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of E’bao station between 11 June, 2013, and 31 December, 2013. The site (100.915° E, 37.949° N) was located on a cold grassland surface in the pasture, which is near E’bao town, Qilian County, Qinghai Province. The elevation is 3294 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (HMP45D; 5 m, north), wind speed and direction profile (03001; 10 m, north), air pressure (278; in the tamper box on the ground), rain gauge (TE525M; 10 m), four-component radiometer (CNR4; 6 m, south), two infrared temperature sensors (IRTC3; 6 m, south, vertically downward), soil heat flux (HFT3; 3 duplicates, -0.06 m), soil temperature profile (AV-10T; 0, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m), and soil moisture profile (ECh2o-5; -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m).The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5 m; RH_5 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_10 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2 and Gs_3) (W/m2), soil temperature (Ts_0 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, and Ts_160 cm) (℃), and soil moisture (Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, and Ms_160 cm) (%, volumetric water content).The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The precipitation data were missing before 31 July, 2013 because of the wiring problem. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2013-9-10 10:30. (6) Finally, the naming convention was AWS+ site no. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red.For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) (for hydrometeorological observation network or sites information), Liu et al. (2011) (for data processing) in the Citation section.

本数据集收录了2013年6月11日至2013年12月31日期间，从位于青海省祁连县祁连镇附近冷草原地表的自动气象站（AWS）所采集的气象要素梯度观测系统记录的水文气象观测数据。观测点地理坐标为东经100.915°，北纬37.949°，海拔高度为3294米。不同传感器的安装高度和朝向以及测量参数如下：空气温度和湿度剖面（HMP45D；5米，朝北）、风速和风向剖面（03001；10米，朝北）、空气压力（278；置于地面上的篡改箱内）、雨量计（TE525M；10米）、四通道辐射计（CNR4；6米，朝南）、两个红外温度传感器（IRTC3；6米，朝南，垂直向下）、土壤热通量（HFT3；3个副本，-0.06米）、土壤温度剖面（AV-10T；0米，-0.04米，-0.1米，-0.2米，-0.4米，-0.8米，-1.2米，和-1.6米）、以及土壤水分剖面（ECh2o-5；-0.04米，-0.1米，-0.2米，-0.4米，-0.8米，-1.2米，和-1.6米）。观测内容包括：空气温度和湿度（Ta_5 m；RH_5 m）（摄氏度和百分比，分别）、风速（Ws_10 m）（米/秒）、风向（WD_10 m）（度）、空气压力（press）（百帕）、降水量（rain）（毫米）、四分量辐射（DR，入射短波辐射；UR，出射短波辐射；DLR_Cor，入射长波辐射；Ulr_Cor，出射长波辐射；Rn，净辐射）（瓦/平方米）、红外温度（IRT_1和IRT_2）（摄氏度）、土壤热通量（Gs_1，Gs_2和Gs_3）（瓦/平方米）、土壤温度（Ts_0 cm，Ts_4 cm，Ts_10 cm，Ts_20 cm，Ts_40 cm，Ts_80 cm，Ts_120 cm，和Ts_160 cm）（摄氏度）、以及土壤水分（Ms_4 cm，Ms_10 cm，Ms_20 cm，Ms_40 cm，Ms_80 cm，Ms_120 cm，和Ms_160 cm）（百分比，体积含水量）。数据处理和质量控制步骤如下：（1）AWS数据以10分钟为间隔进行平均，每日总计144条记录。（2）由于线路问题，2013年7月31日之前的降水量数据缺失，缺失数据以-6999表示。（3）重复记录的数据被拒绝。（4）不符合物理规律的数据被拒绝。（5）标记为红色的数据存在问题。（6）日期和时间格式进行了统一，并将日期和时间收集在同一列中，例如：日期和时间：2013-9-10 10:30。（7）最终，数据命名规范为AWS+站点编号。此外，可疑数据以红色标记。有关更多信息，请参阅参考文献部分中的Liu等（2018）（关于水文气象观测网络或站点信息），Liu等（2011）（关于数据处理）。