Data: Canonical host-pathogen tradeoffs subverted by mutations with dual benefits

Host-parasite coevolution is expected to drive the evolution of genetic diversity because the traits used in arms races, namely host range and parasite resistance, are hypothesized to trade off with traits used in resource competition. We therefore tested data for several tradeoffs among 93 isolates of bacteriophage and 51 Escherichia coli genotypes that coevolved during a laboratory experiment. Surprisingly, we found multiple tradeups (positive trait correlations) but little evidence of several canonical tradeoffs. For example, some bacterial genotypes evaded a tradeoff between phage resistance and absolute fitness, instead evolving simultaneous improvements in both these traits. This was surprising because our experimental design was predicted to expose resistance-fitness tradeoffs by culturing E. coli in a medium where the phage receptor, LamB, is also used for nutrient acquisition. On reflection, LamB mediates not one but many tradeoffs, allowing for more complex trait interactions ...