EDGAR 2025 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

EDGAR_2025_GHG is the 2025 data release of the EDGAR Community GHG emissions database, which is the outcome of an agreement between JRC and IEA to work more closely to gather and provide consistent harmonised CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion.

This dataset provides estimates for emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and fluorinated gases per sector and country.

CO2 emissions are provided separately for the fossil and bio components. Emissions of fossil CO2 (also named IEA-EDGAR CO2) include all fossil CO2 sources, such as fossil fuel combustion, non-metallic mineral processes (e.g. cement production), metal (ferrous and non-ferrous) production processes, urea production, agricultural liming and solvents use. To harmonise global fossil CO2 emission estimates, we incorporate IEA CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion sources (2024b), in the joint IEA-EDGAR CO2 emission dataset (v4). Emissions of bio CO2 (also named EDGAR CO2bio) include emissions from the combustion of biofuels (e.g. primary solid biomass, liquid biofuels, etc.). Large scale biomass burning with Savannah burning, forest fires, and sources and sinks from land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) are excluded. Preliminary estimates of wild fires and LULUCF emissions up to 2024 can be found at: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2025.

Emissions of fluorinated gases have been derived by multiple sources, most notably from country reporting where available. When not the case, activity data statistics have been derived by UNEP data, from scientific literature and expert judgment.

For the energy related sectors the activity data for non-CO2 emissions are primarily based on IEA data (2024a) World Energy Balances, (www.iea.org), all rights reserved, as modified by Joint Research Centre, European Commission, whereas the activity data for the agricultural sectors originate primarily from FAO (2025) (https://www.fao.org/faostat). United States Geological Survey (USGS), International Fertiliser Association (IFA), Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR)/U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), UNFCCC and World Steel Association (worldsteel) recent statistics are also used for activity data. Additional information can be found in Crippa et al. (2024a).

GHG emissions are expressed in CO2eq using the Global Warming Potential values of the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (Mhyre et al., 2013, pages 73-97 of the pdf).

Gridded emissions are obtained following the methodology described in Crippa et al. (2024b).

Compared to previous EDGAR data releases the following updates have been included:

Update of activity data for combustion related emissions based on IEA (2024a) data up to the year 2022.
Update of activity data for agriculture related emissions based on FAO statistics (2025) up to 2022.
Update of all activity data up to 2024 for CO2 process emissions, as reported in Crippa et al. 2025.
Extension of GHG emission time series for the latest years up to 2024 using a Fast Track approach as described in Guizzardi et al. (2024) and Crippa et al. (2025).
CH4 emission estimates have been improved revising the emission factors of rice cultivation, waste landfilling and waste incineration.
Improved emissions estimates from cultivated organic soils (histosols) by implementing a globally consistent IPCC Tier 1 approach.