Data from: Global taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bees in apple orchards

An essential prerequisite to safeguard pollinator species is
characterisation of the multifaceted diversity of crop pollinators and
identification of the drivers of pollinator community changes across
biogeographical gradients. The extent to which intensive agriculture is
associated with the homogenisation of biological communities at large
spatial scales remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated
diversity drivers for 644 bee species/morphospecies in 177 commercial
apple orchards across 33 countries and four global biogeographical biomes.
Our findings reveal significant taxonomic dissimilarity among
biogeographical zones. Interestingly, despite this dissimilarity, species
from different zones share similar higher-level phylogenetic groups and
similar ecological and behavioural traits (i.e. functional traits), likely
due to habitat filtering caused by perennial monoculture systems managed
intensively for crop production. Honey bee species dominated orchard
communities, while other managed/manageable and wild species were
collected in lower numbers. Moreover, the presence of herbaceous,
uncultivated open areas and organic management practices were associated
with increased wild bee diversity. Overall, our study sheds light on the
importance of large-scale analyses contributing to the emerging fields of
functional and phylogenetic diversity, which can be related to ecosystem
function to promote biodiversity as a key asset in agroecosystems in the
face of global change pressures.