B-Wine project dataset

The primary objective of the B-WINE project (2023-2024) was to quantify the effectiveness of biochar in the Tuscan winemaking context, finding confirmation in the improvement of soil and plant fertility, increased sustainability, and improved production through monitored pilot case studies by combining traditional tools with innovative digital agriculture techniques. The research integrated conventional soil analyses, eco-physiological measurements, and advanced remote sensing techniques to evaluate the effects of biochar on soil properties, vine water status, and productivity across three contrasting soil types in the Chianti Classico region. The main findings demonstrate that biochar significantly improves soil structure, organic carbon content, and water-holding capacity while reducing bulk density and mitigating water stress during critical phenological stages. These improvements translate into enhanced vine physiological resilience and, in some cases, increased yield. This study makes an innovative contribution to sustainable viticulture. This is the first study to evaluate biochar application under full-field conditions across three contrasting soil types, integrating traditional soil and eco-physiological measurements with advanced remote sensing techniques. By combining Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, proximal NIR spectroscopy, and in-field assessments, this study provides a comprehensive, multiscale analysis of the impact of biochar on soil properties, vine water status, and productivity. This integrated approach offers new insights into site-specific strategies for climate-smart management of vineyard. The dataset contains the raw data collected in three experimental vineyard sites in 2024 from control and treatment (biochar amended) plots , and contains the following data in seved distinct excel files: Fluorescence data Vine production data pression chamber data Saturated hydraulic conductivity data NDVI data Soil chemical analysis data Soil moisture data Soil spectral signature data