Use of cenotes and the cave environment by mammals on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

Mammals are important sources of nutrients to cave ecosystems, and in some circumstances, caves may be an essential resource for mammals. Few studies, however, have focused on the use of caves by terrestrial mammals. We used camera traps at 17 cenotes on the Yucatán Peninsula to determine patterns of use by mammals. Eighteen non-volant mammal taxa were identified using cenotes, the most commonly occurring being lowland paca (Agouti paca), opossums (Didelphis spp.), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), tayra, (Eira barbara) and gray four-eyed opossum (Philander opossum); collectively these taxa accounted for 76% of all mammal records. We also recorded several felids using cenotes, including jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor). Activity patterns at cenotes usually matched normal activity schedules but some species were nocturnal in the forest but diurnal at cenotes. Mammals mostly accessed cenotes to drink, but a range of activities were recor..., We had four study sites comprising a total of 17 cenotes. At each cenote, cameras (ScoutGuard SG-680V; infra-red flash; programmed to take 1-min long videos when triggered, at high sensitivity and with no ‘quiet time’ between triggers) were positioned in order to best capture visitations by mammals; this typically involved placing one or more cameras at (1) the entrance(s) to the cenote, (2) along sections of dry cave leading to water and (3) at the point where the dry cave ends and the aquifer begins. Cameras were focused on locations most likely to permit animals to easily access water. The number of cameras placed within each cenote was influenced by the complexity of the site in terms of the width of the entrance, number of entrances and the breadth of the dry cave-water interface. Photos were sorted by species at each camera location and processed using the ‘CameraSweet’ camera trapping analysis software (https://smallcats.org/camerasweet/). We considered independent events to be t..., These data only show independent records; the location of animals in terms of which cenote they appeared at has not been included. The dataset would therefore be useful to examine activity patterns in the forests around cenotes ('Jungle) or within cenotes ('Cenote'), or to examine activity patterns of mammals within the forests of the Yucatán Peninsula. Mammals codes should be easily interpreted based on the list of mammals seen during the study, published in the full paper by Vernes and Devos (2022).