Discovery and Optimization of Selective and in Vivo Active Inhibitors of the Lysophosphatidyl­serine Lipase α/β-Hydrolase Domain-Containing 12 (ABHD12)

ABHD12 is a membrane-bound hydrolytic enzyme that acts on the lysophosphatidyl­serine (lyso-PS) and lysophosphatidyl­inositol (lyso-PI) classes of immunomodulatory lipids. Human and mouse genetic studies point to a key role for the ABHD12-(lyso)-PS/PI pathway in regulating (neuro)­immunological functions in both the central nervous system and periphery. Selective inhibitors of ABHD12 would offer valuable pharmacological probes to complement genetic models of ABHD12-regulated (lyso)-PS/PI metabolism and signaling. Here, we provide a detailed description of the discovery and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) guided optimization of reversible thiourea inhibitors of ABHD12 that culminated in the identification of DO264 as a potent, selective, and in vivo active ABHD12 inhibitor. We also show that DO264, but not a structurally related inactive control probe (S)-DO271, augments inflammatory cytokine production from human THP-1 macrophage cells. The in vitro and in vivo properties of DO264 designate this compound as a suitable chemical probe for studying the biological functions of ABHD12-(lyso)-PS/PI pathways.