Observed patterns of spatial density dependence in bird predation on Andricus bud galls across the UK.

Dunrobin Castle is excluded due to very low predation rates. Analysis summaries are presented at three hierarchical spatial scales: A. Among shoots (within branches within trees); 2. Among branches (within trees); 3. Among trees within sites. Analyses for 2. and 3. were carried out over the averages of gall densities and predation rates at the lower hierarchical levels. Analyses were all generalised linear models with quasibinomial errors and a logit link. Significance levels are shown unadjusted. Significance at P