The application of self-limiting transgenic insects in managing resistance in experimental metapopulations

1. The mass release of transgenic insects carrying female lethal self-limiting genes can reduce pest insect populations. Theoretically, substantial releases can be a novel resistance management tool, since wild type alleles conferring susceptibility to pesticides can dilute resistance alleles in target populations. A potential barrier to the deployment of this technology is the need for large-scale area wide releases. Here we address whether localized releases of transgenic insects could provide an alternative, means of population suppression and resistance management, without serious loss of efficacy. 2. We used experimental mesocosms constituting insect metapopulations to explore the evolution of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in a high-dose/refugia landscape in the insect Plutella xylostella. We ran two selection experiments, the first compared the efficacy of ‘everywhere’ releases and negative controls to a spatially density-dependent or ‘whack-a-mole’ s...