Main model inputs for three test cases.

Note 1: PAR = photosynthetic active radiation for nitrogen allocation among carboxylation, light capture and electron transport (µmol photon/m2/s). Data for test case 1 and 2 is from the 10-km gridded data from the SUNNY model [53] and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis dataset [54], respectively, averaged for daytime period in July. Data for test case 3 is from the experimental controlled radiation. For shaded canopy locations in test case 2, the radiation level is calculated by multiplying the top of canopy radiation and the relative light (x) it receives.2: DT/NT = daytime temperature / nighttime temperature (°C). For test case 1, data are based on average daily minimum and maximum temperature in July from the DAYMET website [55]. For test case 2, data are based on average daily minimum and maximum temperature in July from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis dataset [54]. 3: RH = relative humidity, which is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the air to the saturated vapor pressure. Data are from the original papers. 4: LMA = Leaf mass per unit area (g /m2). For test case 1, LMA is calculated based on the mean values of old and new leaves in July [56]. For shaded canopy locations in test case 2, the LMA is calculated based on the regression [57]: y = 73+65.5x, where x (0–1) is the radiation of leaf relative to the top of canopy. For the high growing temperature condition in test case 3, data is from Kobayashi et al. [58]. We assume a 20% increase in LMA at the low growing temperature given that the area based leaf nitrogen content increased by about 20% at the low growing temperature [32]. 5: is the proportion of net carbon assimilation allocated to leaf. We set to be 0.2 for test case 1–2 [59] and 0.6 for test case 3 based on fast-growing plants non-woody plants [60]. 6: MLNCm = Mean leaf nitrogen content (g N/g leaf).