File S1 - Increase in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Had a Strong Impact on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Individuals with Impaired Insulin Secretion: The Saku Study

Combined supporting information file. Table S1. ORs for the development of type 2 diabetes according to baseline IIS status and another category of ΔHOMA-IR (decrease, ≤−0.20; stable, ±0.19; moderate increase, 0.20–0.39; and large increase, ≥0.40). Note: IIS, impaired insulin secretion; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Non-IIS, insulinogenic index >51.7 pmol/mmol (40.0 µU/mg); IIS, insulinogenic index ≤51.7 pmol/mmol (40.0 µU/mg). Δ = follow-up examination minus baseline examination. ΔHOMA-IR was analyzed by analysis of covariance with adjustments for age and sex, and is shown as age- and sex-adjusted mean (95% confidence interval). Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and follow-up years (3 or 4 years). Model 2 was adjusted for all factors in model 1 plus family history of diabetes (yes or no), current smoking (yes or no), alcohol consumption (0 g/week, 1-139 g/week or ≥140 g/week), exercise (0 min/week, 1-119 min/week or ≥120 min/week), baseline HOMA-IR, fasting plasma glucose, and 2 h post-load plasma glucose. Figure S1. Definition of IIS and category of HOMA-IR change. Note: IIS, impaired insulin secretion; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Figure S2. HOMA-IR (A-1 and A-2), BMI (B-1 and B-2), and waist circumference (C-1 and C-2) at baseline and follow-up examinations among individuals who developed type 2 diabetes (i.e., incident cases) and individuals who maintained normal glucose regulation (i.e., controls) in the non-IIS and IIS groups. Note: IIS, impaired insulin secretion; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; BMI, body mass index. Data are shown as age- and sex-adjusted means (95% confidence intervals). Incident cases in the non-IIS group: n = 22; controls in the non-IIS group: n = 1,518; incident cases in the IIS group: n = 52; controls in the IIS group: n = 617. (PDF)