Pollination deficits increase with urbanization in Chicago

Urban growth is occurring rapidly, and the land use changes associated with urbanization may have consequences for pollinators and the plants that rely on them. Despite its importance in the face of pollinator declines and expanding urban ecosystems, our understanding of the effects of urbanization on pollination mutualisms is scant. There is both evidence that urban areas support diverse pollinator communities and evidence that they degrade them. The influence of urbanization on the pollination of urban plants is even less understood. Urban agriculture relies on plant-pollinator interactions for crop production, providing a relevant framework to study pollination in an urban context. We therefore grew 240 plants across six sites at varying levels of urbanization in Chicago, Illinois, to investigate how urbanization relates to pollination of a generalized pollination system in Cucurbita pepo (squash) and a more specialized pollination system in the buzz-pollinated Solanum lycopersicum (..., , , # Pollination deficits increase with urbanization in Chicago

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.44j0zpcm6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.44j0zpcm6)

## Description of the data and file structure

**gopro_obs.csv** : pollinator observations scored from GoPro videos
date: date (mm/dd/yy) of observation
site: observations were conducted at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington Park Farm (wpf), PCC Austin (pcc), Farm on Ogden/North Lawndale Youth Farm (foo), Legends Farm (leg), Kenneth Street Farm (ken)
time: time of day observation started
length: length of video/observation period in minutes
plant: identity of plant that was observed
num.flowers: number of flowers observed
pollinator: identity of pollinator observed
num.visits: number of flowers visited by each pollinator

**inperson_obs.csv** : pollinator observations carried out in person
date: date (mm/dd/yy) of observation
site: observations were conducted at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington P...