大黄蜂功能群对蚕豆栽培的响应数据集

1.对昆虫数量减少的担忧正在增加，传粉等生态系统服务的提供可能受到威胁。为了保护生物多样性，在欧盟共同农业政策改革中引入了绿化措施。农民普遍采用的一种措施是种植固氮作物。尽管基本研究基本上缺失，但这项措施被批评为没有提供显著的生物多样性效益。 2.采用景观尺度法，我们在德国选择了30个成对的研究景观（1km x 1km），即15个有蚕豆（FB）田（蚕豆属）的研究景观和15个没有任何谷物豆类的研究景观。采用分层抽样方法，在不同作物的田间边缘进行样带行走，记录访花野生蜜蜂。我们分析了FB栽培和景观组成对野生蜜蜂数量和物种丰富度以及蜜蜂群落功能组成的影响。 3.大豆开花后，FB中的大黄蜂密度（Bombus spp.Latreille）是对照景观的两倍多。然而，非家蚕野生蜂密度不受FB养殖的影响，但随着半自然栖息地（SNH）数量的增加而增加。 4.在豆子停止开花后，FB景观中采集豆科花粉的野生蜜蜂比例高于对照景观。蜜蜂大小的群落加权平均值（测量为节间距离）不受FB养殖的影响，但我们发现较小的物种和舌头较短的物种的SNH百分比增加。 5.合成与应用。蚕豆（V.faba L.）的种植在整个季节都显著增加了大黄蜂的密度。这表明，野外绿化措施也可以支持生物多样性。然而，由于只有适应蚕豆效益的功能组，需要实施促进农业景观中半自然栖息地的措施。我们得出结论，田间和非田间措施的结合对于维持农田生物多样性至关重要，共同农业政策应进一步促进这两方面。

1. Concerns over insect population declines are growing, and the provision of ecosystem services such as 'pollination' may be threatened. To conserve biodiversity, greening measures were introduced in the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union. One measure widely adopted by farmers is the planting of nitrogen-fixing crops. Although fundamental research is largely lacking, this measure has been criticized for failing to deliver significant biodiversity benefits.
2. Adopting a landscape-scale approach, we selected 30 paired study landscapes (1 km × 1 km) in Germany: 15 landscapes with faba bean (FB) fields (Vicia faba L.) and 15 landscapes without any grain legumes. Using a stratified sampling method, we conducted transect walks along field margins of different crops to record flower-visiting wild bees. We analyzed the effects of FB cultivation and landscape composition on wild bee abundance and species richness, as well as the functional composition of bee communities.
3. Following soybean flowering, the density of bumblebees (Bombus spp. Latreille) in FB landscapes was more than twice that in control landscapes. However, the abundance of non-managed wild bees was not affected by FB cultivation, but increased with the increase in the area of semi-natural habitats (SNH).
4. After bean flowering ceased, the proportion of wild bees collecting legume pollen in FB landscapes was higher than that in control landscapes. The community-weighted mean of bee size (measured as intertegular distance) was not affected by FB cultivation, but we found that the percentage of SNH increased for smaller species and shorter-tongued species.
5. Synthesis and Applications. The cultivation of faba bean (V. faba L.) significantly increased bumblebee density across the entire growing season. This indicates that on-site greening measures can also support biodiversity. However, since only functional groups adapted to the benefits of faba bean are supported, measures to promote semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes need to be implemented. We conclude that the combination of field-based and off-field measures is critical for maintaining farmland biodiversity, and the Common Agricultural Policy should further promote both aspects.