Supporting data for "The chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) genome"

The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae that is widely cultivated in Asian, European, and African countries. It blossoms in the winter and ripens in the early summer. The genome of loquat has not been reported, which limits the study of molecular biology in the loquat. Here, we used the third-generation sequencing technology of Nanopore and High-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology to sequence the genome of Eriobotrya to provide a reference for researchers. We generated 100.10 Gb of long reads using Nanopore sequencing technologies. Three types of Illumina high-throughput sequencing data, including Genome short reads (47.42 Gb), transcriptome short reads (11.06 Gb) and Hi-C short reads (67.25 Gb), were also generated to construct the loquat genome. All data were assembled into a 760.1 Mb genome assembly. The contigs were mapped to chromosomes by using Hi-C technology based on the contacts between contigs, and then assembled a genome exhibiting 17 chromosomes and a scaffold N50 length of 39.7 Mb. A total of 45,743 protein-coding genes were annotated in the Eriobotrya genome, and we investigated the phylogenetic relationships between the Eriobotrya and six other Rosaceae species. Eriobotrya shows a close relationship with Malus and Pyrus, and the divergence time of Eriobotrya and Malus was 6.76 million years ago. Furthermore, chromosome rearrangement was found in Eriobotrya and Malus . We constructed the first high-quality chromosome-level Eriobotrya genome using Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C technologies. This work provides a valuable reference genome for molecular studies of the loquat and provides new insight into chromosome evolution in this species.