RESEARCH ON BURNOUT LEVEL OF JUVENILE TRAMPOLINISTS AND RELEVANT AFFECTING FACTORS

ABSTRACT Introduction The paper investigates burnout causes and relevant affecting factors of juvenile trampolinists. Objective With 93 participants aged U10-16 of 2019 National Juvenile Trampoline Championship as investigation objects, to improve the current situation of juvenile burnout, exploring the methodology to alleviate and eliminate it, enhancing the sense of achievement in training and competition and providing a theoretical basis for coaches to train and cultivate athletes. Methods Questionnaire survey, semi-structured interview, mathematical statistics. Results The burnout level of the trampolinists is below the moderate level, and the overall burnout level of athletes is not high; the sense of achievement decrease> negative evaluation of sports>emotional/physical exhaustion; the correlation between the overall level of burnout of athletes and different genders, training age, education stage and athlete level is not significant; in terms of burnout, there are very significant positive correlations(P<0.01) between overload factor, personal factor, and situational factor, and emotional/physical exhaustion, sense of achievement decrease and negative evaluation of sports respectively. Conclusions Strengthen the communication with trampolinists, improve their self-regulation ability in various ways, master the methods to alleviate burnout, and increase social support for them. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.摘要 引言：本研究针对青少年蹦床运动员运动倦怠（burnout）的成因及相关影响因素展开调研。研究目的：以2019年全国青少年蹦床锦标赛中93名年龄介于U10至U16的运动员为研究对象，旨在改善青少年运动员运动倦怠现状，探索缓解与消除运动倦怠的可行路径，提升其训练与竞赛中的成就感，并为教练员的运动员培养与训练工作提供理论依据。研究方法：问卷调查法、半结构化访谈法、数理统计法。研究结果：蹦床运动员的运动倦怠整体水平处于中等以下，整体倦怠程度偏低；各维度得分由高到低依次为：成就感降低＞运动负性评价＞情绪/体力衰竭；运动员整体运动倦怠水平与性别、训练年限、教育阶段以及运动员等级均无显著相关性；在运动倦怠维度层面，负荷因素、个人因素、情境因素分别与情绪/体力衰竭、成就感降低、运动负性评价存在极显著正相关（P<0.01）。研究结论：应加强与青少年蹦床运动员的沟通交流，通过多种途径提升其自我调节能力，掌握缓解运动倦怠的有效方法，并强化对运动员的社会支持。本研究证据等级为II级；治疗性研究——治疗效果调研。