Mitochondrial Transplantation of Brown Adipocytes Interferes with the Metabolism of Tumor Stem Cells and Inhibits the Recurrence of Brain Glioma after Operation

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is highly aggressive, with treatment resistance and recurrence driven by metabolically plastic glioma stem cells (GSCs). Inspired by brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, researchers transplanted BAT-derived mitochondria (BA-Mito) into GSCs, reducing stemness markers and enhancing chemosensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ). To improve delivery, a CD133 aptamer-modified liposome-coated mitochondrial system (Apt/Lipo-Mito Gel) was developed, using alginate hydrogel as a post-surgical reservoir for sustained mitochondrial release, offering a novel metabolic therapy strategy for GBM.