Genomic data of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris)

In this study, we examined the potential role of thermal adaptation in
clinal shifts of life history traits (i.e., lifespan, senescence rate, and
recruitment) in the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) along a
broad temperature gradient in the western USA. We took advantage of
extensive capture-recapture datasets of 20,033 marked individuals from
eight populations surveyed annually for 14 – 18 years to examine how mean
annual temperature and precipitation influenced demographic parameters
(i.e., adult survival, lifespan, senescence rate, recruitment, and
population growth). After showing that temperature was the main climatic
predictor influencing demography, we used RAD-seq data (50,829 SNPs and
6,599 putative CNVs) generated for 352 individuals from 31 breeding sites
to identify genomic signatures of thermal adaptation. Our results showed
that temperature was negatively associated with annual adult survival and
reproductive lifespan and positively associated with senescence rate. By
contrast, recruitment increased with temperature, promoting the long-term
viability of most populations. These temperature-dependent demographic
changes were associated with strong genomic signatures of thermal
adaptation. We identified 148 SNP candidates associated with temperature
including three SNPs located within protein-coding genes regulating
resistance to cold and hypoxia, immunity, and reproduction in ranids. We
also identified 39 CNV candidates (including within 38 transposable
elements) for which normalized read depth was associated with temperature.
Our study indicates that both SNPs and structural variants are associated
with temperature and could eventually be found to play a functional role
in clinal shifts in senescence rate and life history strategies in R.
luteiventris. These results highlight the potential role of different
sources of molecular variation in the response of ectotherms to
environmental temperature variation in the context of global warming.