Renewable energy composition, biomass modernisation, and the carbon–ecology gap in Brazil

This dataset supports the replication of all empirical results reported in the manuscript "Renewable energy composition, biomass modernisation, and the carbon–ecology gap in Brazil". It contains annual time-series data for Brazil covering the period 1970–2021 (52 observations), constructed primarily from the Brazilian National Energy Balance (Balanço Energético Nacional, BEN/EPE) and complemented by the Global Footprint Network, the Penn World Tables, and the World Bank.
The dataset includes two environmental outcome variables (ecological footprint and carbon footprint), three renewable energy composition variables (sugarcane share, hydropower share, and a biomass-modernisation ratio), and three macroeconomic controls (total factor productivity, GDP per capita, and population). All variables are described in detail in the accompanying README file.
The Stata do-file included in this deposit reproduces all ARDL–ECM estimations, Toda–Yamamoto non-causality tests, CUSUM stability tests, and descriptive statistics reported in the main manuscript and supplementary material. Estimations were performed in Stata 17.