Pan_Disease_Mouse_Neutrophil.h5ad

Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, are classically viewed as short-lived, pro-inflammatory effectors. Recent work, however, hints at far greater transcriptional plasticity, especially during disease. To create a unified resource for exploring this diversity we generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of neutrophils across ten mouse disease models that span five pathophysiological categories: metabolic disorder, autoimmunity, sterile tissue damage, peripheral solid tumours and intracranial glioma. Using the 10x Genomics platform we profiled 521,436 high-quality neutrophils harvested from bone marrow, blood, spleen and the corresponding disease-affected tissues, producing matched bulk RNA-seq of purified neutrophil populations for validation.Unsupervised integration of all cells reveals two recurring, unconventional neutrophil states.(1) A tissue-resident state, enriched in inflamed organs, co-expresses Cd274 (PD-L1), Vegfa and antigen-presentation machinery, suggesting immuno-regulatory and pro-angiogenic functions.(2) A circulating state, prominent in blood and spleen, displays high Cd244 and type-2 immune signatures but reduced maturation markers, indicative of an immature, cytokine-responsive phenotype.The complete dataset—raw FASTQ files (NGDC, CRA020963, https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa/browse/CRA020963 ) and processed single-cell matrices with cell-level metadata, UMAP coordinates and gene annotations (Figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29538791)—is released in Scanpy (.h5ad) formats. This resource enables systematic interrogation of neutrophil heterogeneity across disparate pathological contexts, offers a benchmark for computational method development, and provides a reference for translational studies targeting neutrophil biology.The paper is published by Cell Discovery