Soil physico-chemical characteristics.

Availability of soil nutrients in the presence (in) or absence (out) of T. caespitosum cushions. An upward or downward pointing arrow indicates a positive or negative relationship between the dependent variable and elevation, based on the likelihood-ratio test (*** P<0.001, ** P<0.01, * P<0.05). Also shown are post hoc Tukey tests on paired differences (significantly higher values inside/outside cushion are in bold).