Overview of species (listed by increasing body weight) reported to have problems caused by plastic or metal rings.

a: The ringing hazard is calculated as the total of hazard points for all individuals in the study population (see Table 3) divided by the total number of individuals.b: Brown Thornbills in New South Wales (N = 20 individuals, see methods above) were ringed with 3 anodized aluminium rings and a numbered magnesium alloy ring. The edges of the aluminium rings bent inwards, but given that these rings were removed in time, none of the birds suffered from damages. However, it is likely to assume that the inward bent edges would have damaged the legs eventually if not removed.c: No detailed data available for the different species.d: 54% of 40 individuals translocated to new location.e: Toe loss due to plastic ring stuck over foot (0.4%), foot loss due to metal ring (2.6% of all individuals).f: One individual had a plastic ring stuck over the tibo-tarsal joint.