Impact of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Chemotherapy on the Bladder Microbiome in Patients With Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

This is a prospective trial investigating the impact of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy on the bladder microbiome of patients undergoing treatment for bladder cancer. We enrolled 29 patients and collected catheterized urine specimens at various timepoints before, during and after treatment. Bacteria were then identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Diversity and prevalence analysis were performed on the entire cohort as well as a sub-analysis on patients who recurred after BCG versus those that did not recur.