Stridulatory sound production and acoustic signals of the longhorn beetle <i>Batocera lineolata</i> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
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Insects have evolved different structures and ways to produce sounds which play a crucial role in many aspects of insect biology, such as reproduction and predator–prey interactions. Among acoustic insects, although a variety of stridulatory organs have been reported in beetles, acoustic behaviour of these insects has received little attention. Here, stridulatory organs, sound-producing behaviour and acoustic signals in males of the longhorn beetle <i>Batocera lineolata</i> were investigated for the first time. The detailed morphology of the file and scraper of the stridulatory organ are presented. Behavioural observations showed that sound production was associated with the rapid forward and backward movements of the pronotum. The forward and backward movements of the pronotum can both cause interactions between the file and scraper, and produce forward chirps and backward chirps, respectively. Oscillogram and frequency spectrum comparisons of the upward and backward chirps revealed that the two types of chirps exhibited significant differences in temporal and amplitude features, but had similar spectral characteristics. Acoustic studies on most longhorn beetles are strongly needed, which may make significant contributions in many areas, such as the evolution and diversity of the acoustic behaviour and the possibility of use of sounds in taxonomy of longhorn beetles.
昆虫已演化出多样的发声结构与发声方式，这些声音在昆虫生物学的诸多方面发挥关键作用，例如繁殖以及捕食者与猎物间的相互作用。在声学昆虫类群中，尽管已有诸多研究报道了甲虫的摩擦发声器（stridulatory organ），但这类昆虫的声学行为却鲜受关注。本研究首次对长角天牛（longhorn beetle）云斑天牛（Batocera lineolata）雄性个体的摩擦发声器、发声行为与声学信号展开了系统调查。本文详细呈现了该摩擦发声器的音锉（file）与刮器（scraper）的精细形态结构。行为观察结果显示，发声过程与前胸背板的快速往复运动密切相关：前胸背板的向前与向后运动均可引发音锉与刮器的相互啮合，并分别产生前向鸣啭与后向鸣啭。通过对比前向与后向鸣啭的波形图（oscillogram）与频谱（frequency spectrum），研究发现两类鸣啭在时域与振幅特征上存在显著差异，但频谱特性却较为相似。当前多数长角天牛类群的声学研究仍存在大量空白，相关研究或可在声学行为的演化与多样性、以及利用声音开展天牛分类学研究等诸多领域带来重要贡献。
