Support Program for Rural Development in the Guéra, IFAD Impact Assessment Surveys 2017 - Chad

Abstract
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Smallholder farmers in developing countries often lack appropriate cereal storage facilities which can contribute to food insecurity and low cereal commercialization, particularly when they can only rely on one cropping season with no irrigation. Lack of quality storage can lead to post-harvest losses (Abass et al, 2014; Sheahan and Barrett, 2017) and often compels smallholder farmers to sell their crops soon after harvest, when crop prices are at their seasonal lowest, only for them to buy grain for consumption during the lean season, when prices are high (Kadjo et al, 2018; Aggarwal et al, 2018; Stephens and Barrett, 2011). In many instances, such farmers need food assistance to survive the lean season and in other cases, they may have to borrow money at usurious rates in order to purchase food. This was the case in Guéra Region of Chad, a semi-arid area that frequently experiences droughts and dry spells in ways that severely reduce crop production and rural households’ food security.

To address these issues, the IFAD-funded Programme d'Appui au Développement Rural dans le Guéra (PADER-G) project was implemented with the main objective of supporting poor rural households and smallholder farmers in Guéra, Chad to improve their food security and livelihoods. One specific aim of PADER-G, designed to manage risks of food shortage, was to improve cereal storage among smallholder farmers through the construction of community cereal banks (banque de céréales). This main element of the project was complemented with the establishment of community committees (Comité de gestion des banques de soudure – COGES) which were trained on effective management of the cereal banks.

This data refer to the ex-post impact assessment of the PADER-G community cereal banks intervention. The impact assessment employed various methods, which proved robust across a number of estimated impacts. The inverse-probability-weighted matching techniques on household data collected from villages that benefited from the community cereal banks (the treatment) and villages that did not benefit from the PADER-G cereal banks (the control) were used for the main report, however additional results are available in the appendix. The inverse-probability-weighted regression-adjustment (IPWRA) and other variants of matching techniques were used to assess the impact of PADER-G cereal bank interventions on several outcome and impact indicators, including household income, assets, food security, dietary diversity and resilience indicators. Other similar estimators used to check for consistency of results include the augmented inverse-probability-weighting (AIPW) and entropy balancing methods.

The PADER-G cereal banks intervention was selected as an ex-post impact assessments to be part of the IFAD10 Impact Assessment Agenda (IFAD10 IAA) that consists of a broader set of impact assessments across the world. The aim of IFAD10 IAA is to generate evidence and provide lessons for better rural poverty reduction programmes and to measure the impact of IFAD-supported programmes on enhancing rural people's economic mobility, increased agricultural productive capacity, improved market participation and increased resilience. In undertaking this impact assessment, IFAD endeavours to fill key knowledge gaps on the impacts of community cereal banks in rural areas of developing countries, an intervention that has received less attention from impact evaluators.

For more information, please, click on the following link <https://www.ifad.org/en/web/knowledge/-/publication/impact-assessment-rural-development-support-programme-in-guera> .

Geographic coverage
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Regional level.

Analysis unit
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Households

Universe
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All rural households in Guera region of Chad.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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For details on the sampling methodology, you can consult the impact assessment plan and report in the documentation section.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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Note: some variables may have missing labels. Please, refer to the questionnaire for more details.

摘要
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发展中国家的小规模农户通常缺乏适宜的谷物储存设施，这可能导致粮食不安全和谷物商业化程度低，尤其是在他们只能依赖一个种植季节且无灌溉的情况下。缺乏优质的储存设施可能导致产后损失（Abass 等人，2014；Sheahan 和 Barrett，2017），并常迫使小规模农户在收获后不久便出售农作物，此时作物价格处于季节性最低点，而他们只能在消费淡季以高价购买粮食（Kadjo 等人，2018；Aggarwal 等人，2018；Stephens 和 Barrett，2011）。在许多情况下，此类农户需要食物援助以度过淡季，在其他情况下，他们可能不得不以高利贷利率借款以购买食物。这正是在乍得瓜雷地区的情况，该地区为半干旱地区，经常遭受干旱和干早期，严重减少了农作物产量和农村家庭的粮食安全。

为解决这些问题，国际农业发展基金（IFAD）资助的瓜雷地区农村发展支持计划（PADER-G）项目得以实施，其主要目标是为乍得瓜雷地区的贫困农村家庭和小规模农户提供支持，以改善他们的粮食安全和生计。PADER-G 项目的一个具体目标，旨在管理粮食短缺风险，是通过建设社区谷物银行（banque de céréales）来改善小规模农户的谷物储存。该项目的主要元素是通过建立社区委员会（Comité de gestion des banques de soudure – COGES）来补充，这些委员会接受了有效管理谷物银行的培训。

本数据集涉及 PADER-G 社区谷物银行干预措施的后评估影响。影响评估采用了多种方法，这些方法在各种估计的影响上均表现出稳健性。主要报告使用了来自从社区谷物银行受益的村庄（处理组）和未从 PADER-G 谷物银行受益的村庄（对照组）收集的家庭数据的逆概率加权匹配技术。然而，附录中还有其他结果。逆概率加权回归调整（IPWRA）和其他匹配技术的变体被用于评估 PADER-G 谷物银行干预措施对多个结果和影响指标的影响，包括家庭收入、资产、粮食安全、饮食多样性和韧性指标。其他用于检查结果一致性的类似估计器包括增强的逆概率加权（AIPW）和熵平衡方法。

PADER-G 谷物银行干预措施被选为后评估的一部分，纳入 IFAD10 影响评估议程（IFAD10 IAA），该议程包括全球范围内更广泛的影响评估。IFAD10 IAA 的目的是产生证据并提供经验教训，以改善农村贫困减少计划，并衡量 IFAD 支持的项目对提高农村人民经济流动性、增加农业生产能力、改善市场参与度和提高韧性的影响。在开展这项影响评估时，IFAD 努力填补关于发展中国家农村地区社区谷物银行影响的关键知识空白，这种干预措施在影响评估者那里受到了较少的关注。

欲了解更多信息，请点击以下链接：[https://www.ifad.org/en/web/knowledge/-/publication/impact-assessment-rural-development-support-programme-in-guera](https://www.ifad.org/en/web/knowledge/-/publication/impact-assessment-rural-development-support-programme-in-guera)。

地理覆盖范围
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区域级。
分析单元
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家庭
总体
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乍得瓜雷地区的所有农村家庭。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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有关抽样方法的详细信息，您可以在文档部分的评估计划和研究报告中查阅。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]
研究工具
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注意：某些变量可能缺少标签。请参阅问卷以获取更多详细信息。