Genome typing of Histoplasma mississippiense (NAm1), H. ohiense (NAm2) and H. suramericanum (LAmA) isolated from clinical, veterinary and environmental samples in the US.. Histoplasma sp.

This study addresses the limited molecular epidemiological research on histoplasmosis, a prevalent fungal infection in the USA. Prior studies lacked extensive genetic markers and comprehensive geographic coverage. Here, 62 novel Histoplasma genomes from 19 US states were genotyped, revealing H. mississippiense, H. ohiense, and H. suramericanum as causative agents across both eastern and western regions. No cryptic populations were identified within H. mississippiense and H. ohiense. Human and animal infections were attributed to both species. Distribution models indicated H. mississippiense prevalence in certain states, while H. ohiense exhibited a broader range. Whole genome typing enhanced epidemiological insights, aiding regional genotype predictions and potential clinical phenotype correlations in American histoplasmosis.