Camel-Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mitigate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity by Enhancing Thermogenesis and Modulating Lipid Metabolism in Mice

Obesity
is a significant global health concern linked
to chronic
diseases, with the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT)
being crucial for obesity treatment. This study investigates the potential
of camel-milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) in mitigating
high-fat-diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction in mice. Our
results show that oral administration of mEVs significantly reduces
body fat percentage and lipid accumulation while lowering serum triglycerides,
free fatty acids, and cholesterol levels. Furthermore, mEVs enhance
thermogenic capacity during cold exposure, indicated by increased
oxygen consumption and heat production. RNA sequencing of BAT reveals
that mEVs upregulate thermogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation-related
genes. Additionally, mEVs positively modulate the gut microbiota by
promoting beneficial taxa and partially restoring short-chain fatty
acid production. Consequently, these results suggest mEVs enhance
BAT thermogenesis and improve metabolic health, offering a potential
therapeutic strategy for obesity and related disorders.