陈烁--中亚研究--转型后遗症：中亚、高加索地区老年人面临的贫穷、社会关系和社会支持

转型后遗症：中亚、高加索地区老年人面临的贫穷、社会关系和社会支持

Left behind in transition? Poverty, social networks and social support amongst older people in Central Asia and the Caucasus.

这项研究探讨了生活在前苏联最贫穷的七个国家的老年人拥有的来自社会和家庭的经济和社会保障资源。苏联解体后，市场主导经济，带来了前所未有的经济规模，同时伴随着剧烈的社会动荡。老年人尤其面临着许多挑战。他们成长在父辈们相对丰厚的福利制度下，现在却发现他们的晚年面对的是一个全新的世界，政治、经济、社会、心理和生理上都无所适从。

这是一项定性研究，从老年人自身的角度出发来评价他们的生活质量，旨在描述一幅老年人生活的图景。了解在过去十五年重大的社会变革面前，生活在该地区的老年人受到怎样的影响以及他们应对的方式。

该项目多种研究方法相结合，结合定量分析近年来家庭调查数据，定性研究洞察老年人们今天的生活。更深入地了解过去的十五年中，老年人的生活受到社会转型的影响，以及在这一过程中，社会和家庭为他们提供的支持，这将有助于制定扶贫方案。塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和摩尔多瓦被选定为定性研究的国家，因为这三个多家是前苏联最贫穷的国家。在每个国家收集不同的地理位置和社会形态。调查老年人的经历的差异，可能与他们居住的地方有关。因此收集每个城市的信息，包括首都，也包括规模较小的城镇和乡村。综合考虑上述因素，根据是否安全、是否容易接触来选择调查地点。

This project examines the living conditions and sources of finance and social support (both state and family) amongst older people living in the seven poorest countries of the former Soviet Union. The break-up of the Soviet Union and the subsequent transition to market-led economies has been accompanied by a decade of economic and social upheaval on an unprecedented scale. Older people face particular challenges. Having lived their entire working lives under a paternal and relatively generous welfare system, they now find themselves in later life facing a new world – politically, economically, socially, psychologically and physically. The qualitative research was conducted in order to illuminate older people’s quality of life from the perspective of older people themselves. The aim was to paint a picture of the lives of older people and to gain insight into how older people in the region have been affected by the massive societal changes of the last 15 years and how they are coping with the impacts of these changes. The project involves a mixed method design, combining quantitative analysis of the living standards of older people of recently available household survey data, with qualitative research providing deep insight into the reality of life for older people today. Obtaining greater insight into how the lives of older people have been affected by the socio-economic transformations of the last 15 years, and relative role of the state and family in both providing support to and benefiting from the contribution of, older people will aid the formulation of poverty alleviation programmes. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova were chosen as countries for qualitative research as these three countries are the poorest of the former Soviet states. In each country, data collection sites were selected to represent different geographical and social conditions. Data collection commenced in each country with the capital city. Data were also collected in a smaller town and a rural location as it was seen as important to investigate any differences in older people’s experiences which might be related to the places in which they live. With consideration for the above criteria, sites were then selected according to safety and accessibility issues and the availability of local contacts.