Soil physicochemical properties of agricultural farmland in Henan Province, China

Soil samples were collected from typical agricultural farmland sites across Henan Province, China. A total of representative sampling points were set up to investigate soil physicochemical characteristics under different field conditions. Standard laboratory methods were applied to determine soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, and soil moisture. This dataset was generated to support eDNA multi-taxon biodiversity analysis, soil quality evaluation, and ecological correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties and biological communities.